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Freedom to operate: risk analysis, not a guarantee

FTO asks whether making, using or selling a product risks infringing in-force patents in a market. It differs from patentability — your invention can be patentable and still infringe.

Patentability is not freedom to operate

Patentability looks backward at prior art and asks whether an invention deserves a patent. FTO looks sideways at live claims and asks whether a product may practice someone else’s. Teams need both, run separately, because they answer different questions with different evidence — a clean novelty search says nothing about infringement risk.

The process

  1. Feature breakdown: decompose the product into technical features.
  2. Claim mapping: map each feature against live claims in each launch jurisdiction.
  3. Status and expiry: in-force, expired, lapsed — and legal-status events that change the picture.
  4. Risk rating and design-arounds: flagged mappings get review states and alternative designs where possible.
Limits: unpublished applications, jurisdictional blind spots and claim amendments mean FTO is dated risk analysis. SallyIP records the evidence snapshot behind every conclusion so it can be re-run.

Jurisdiction and timing

FTO is per-market and per-date: a product clear in one jurisdiction may be blocked in another, and every conclusion expires as new applications publish and claims amend. SallyIP scopes each project to its markets, dates conclusions, and re-runs mappings against fresh evidence rather than editing old verdicts.

Design-arounds and re-runs

Flagged mappings carry review states and, where possible, documented design-around alternatives — engineering changes that step outside the mapped limitation, recorded with the same evidence trail as the flag itself. Re-run triggers are explicit: new launch market, new product feature, eighteen months since the last snapshot, or any newly published application in the space. An FTO opinion without a re-run policy is a snapshot sold as a guarantee.

Who runs FTO, and when

FTO sits between product and counsel: engineers decompose features, counsel judges mappings, and leadership owns the residual risk. It runs before launch commitments, before fundraising technical diligence, and before entering new markets — late enough that the product is concrete, early enough that a redesign is still affordable. SallyIP projects mirror that timing with matter-scoped evidence both sides can inspect.

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Related

Prior-art search · FTO glossary · Claims